據(jù)路透社2023年1月14日?qǐng)?bào)道，2022年圭亞那原油出口量躍升164%，主要受產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)和對(duì)這個(gè)最新拉丁美洲石油生產(chǎn)國(guó)輕質(zhì)低硫原油需求的提振，特別是在歐洲，原料緊缺的歐洲煉油廠增加進(jìn)口圭亞那原油以取代產(chǎn)能大國(guó)的供應(yīng)。

根據(jù)路透社提供的正式數(shù)據(jù)，自2019年底由?？松梨诠緺款^的國(guó)際財(cái)團(tuán)開(kāi)始開(kāi)采原油以來(lái)，圭亞那的原油出口量飆升，去年這個(gè)南美洲國(guó)家的原油出口收入達(dá)到11億美元。

去年圭亞那政府的原油出口收入份額為11億美元，遠(yuǎn)高于2021年4.09億美元的利潤(rùn)和礦區(qū)使用費(fèi)。全球原油價(jià)格的高企使圭亞那去年收入超過(guò)了該國(guó)最初預(yù)計(jì)的9.58億美元。

圭亞那是南美洲面積最小、最不發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家之一，圭亞那計(jì)劃利用其石油財(cái)富實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化，增加一座燃?xì)獍l(fā)電廠、新建道路和太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目。

在去年2月?？松梨诠镜诙腋∈缴a(chǎn)船啟動(dòng)后，由于歐洲煉油商在爆發(fā)地緣政治沖突后尋找原油的替代品，圭亞那原油產(chǎn)量上升，出口增加。

圭亞那目前的原油日產(chǎn)量約為36萬(wàn)桶，并計(jì)劃在2030年結(jié)束前將原油日產(chǎn)量提高到164萬(wàn)桶。

根據(jù)Refinitiv Eikon公布的航運(yùn)數(shù)據(jù)，圭亞那去年的平均原油日出口量為26.5693萬(wàn)桶，是2021年10.0645萬(wàn)桶的兩倍多。歐洲是最大的接收國(guó)，接收了49%的原油貨物。歐洲去年的接收量超過(guò)了亞洲，后者此前一直是圭亞那原油出口的第一大目的地，占34%。

買(mǎi)家名單擴(kuò)大 

數(shù)據(jù)顯示，生產(chǎn)商還為圭亞那的兩種原油等級(jí)找到了新的客戶，向鄰國(guó)巴西運(yùn)送了超過(guò)600萬(wàn)桶原油。

圭亞那政府去年接收了大約100批出口貨物中的13批。據(jù)路透社計(jì)算，圭亞那原油出口收入總額超過(guò)80億美元。

去年11月，圭亞那授予bp一份為期12個(gè)月的合同，負(fù)責(zé)銷(xiāo)售圭亞那政府的原油份額。官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2022年，圭亞那自然資源基金余額為14.3億美元，比上年末的6.076億美元增加了一倍多。 

李峻 編譯自 路透社

原文如下：

Guyana's Oil Exports Double, with Europe Taking Half of Cargoes

Guyana's oil exports jumped 164% last year, boosted by growing output and demand for the newest Latin American oil producer's light sweet crudes, particularly in Europe, where thirsty refiners ramped up imports to replace the third producer's supplies.

Since a consortium led by Exxon Mobil began pumping in late 2019, Guyana's shipments have soared, bringing the South American nation's oil export income to $1.1 billion last year, according to official figures provided to Reuters.

The government's $1.1 billion share of oil revenue was up sharply from a combined $409 million in profit and royalties in 2021. High global prices pushed its take above the country's initial revenue forecast of $958 million.

Guyana, among the smallest and most underdeveloped nations in South America, plans to use its oil wealth to industrialize, adding a gas-fired power plant, new roads and solar energy projects.

Following the startup of Exxon's second floating production vessel last February, output ramped up and exports flowed as European refiners were searching for alternatives to oil in the aftermath of the war.

Guyana is producing about 360,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil and aims to raise output to 1.64 million bbl/d by end of the decade.

Guyana's exports averaged 265,693 bbl/d last year, more than double the 100,645 bbl/d in 2021, according to shipping data from Refinitiv Eikon. Europe was the largest receiver, taking 49% of cargoes. Its volumes outpaced Asia, which had been the first destination previously, taking 34% last year.

Buyer List Expands

Producers also found new customers for the country's two crude grades, shipping over 6 million barrels to neighboring Brazil, the data showed.

The Guyanese government last year received 13 cargoes out of the about 100 exported. Total exports represented over $8 billion in gross oil revenue, based on Reuters calculations.

In November, Guyana awarded BP a 12-month contract to market the government's share of crude. Its Natural Resources Fund ended 2022 with a balance of $1.43 billion, more than double the $607.6 million at the end of the previous year, according to official figures.