印度本周提出一項20億美元的補貼計劃，以推動國內氫燃料的發展

印度希望以10%的成本激勵來激勵清潔氫氣生產商

印度政府的目標是到2030年前非碳氫化合物燃料占其裝機容量的50%，并在2070年前實現凈零排放目標

據油價網2023年4月9日新德里報道，印度本周提出了一項20億美元的補貼計劃，以推動國內氫燃料的發展，全球氫燃料的未來看起來更加光明。挪威著名能源研究和商業情報公司挪威雷斯塔能源公司（Rystad）預計，到2035年前，全球氫氣管道將增長700%。如果不增加氫氣運輸基礎設施，大多數氫氣項目仍將面臨一場艱苦的戰斗。印度政府正在實施一項20億美元的補貼計劃，以支持和激勵綠色氫氣燃料生產商。作為這個計劃的一部分，各方將通過競爭性招標程序獲得成本的10%激勵。激勵措施將每年逐步減少，招標計劃將向已經生產氫氣和氨氣或擁有可再生能源工廠的公司開放。印度政府預計將頒發大約1300億盧比用于生產綠色氫氣，其余的財政激勵將用于支持電解槽的制造。印度生產綠色氫氣的總成本預計約為每公斤300盧比(約合3.7美元)，他們希望在未來3年內生產360萬噸綠色氫氣。

印度政府的目標是到2030年前非碳氫化合物燃料占其裝機容量的50%，并在2070年前實現凈零排放目標。這個競標計劃預計將吸引一長串印度公司的興趣。印度政府還計劃以每千瓦4440盧比(54美元)的激勵措施支持電解槽的制造，他們希望在5年內支持每年大約3000兆瓦的電解槽產能。

凱捷研究院的一份報告顯示，62%的全球重工業公司正在考慮用低碳氫氣來取代碳密集型系統。能源和公用事業(E&U)公司預計，到2050年前，低碳氫氣將占總能源消耗的18%。報告強調說，需要在整個氫氣價值鏈上釋放投資，特別是開發氫氣基礎設施、具有成本效益的電解槽和燃料電池。報告還指出，到2050年前，低碳氫氣可以滿足高達55%的氫氣混合總量。平均而言，到2030年前，E&U公司每年總收入的0.4%將用于低碳氫氣，特別是氫能的運輸和分配、生產和研發。企業必須在整個價值鏈中建立正確的協作，確保其承接，開發氫氣能力中心，并利用模擬、數字孿生和可追溯解決方案等技術，成功擴展其低碳氫氣計劃。

在需求方面，大部分的需求預計將來自傳統的氫氣用戶，如原油煉制工業、化工和化肥：94%的原油煉制公司預計到2030年前將對他們的行業產生重大影響；同樣，83%的化學品和化肥公司預計會有類似的效果。凱捷研究院調查的參與者表示，他們預計重型運輸、航空和海事等新應用將增加對氫氣的需求。然而，所有調查參與者仍然認為，在上述領域，特別是在生產、工程和基礎設施領域，氫氣應用仍存在主要制約因素。Rystad在一份新報告中也提到了這些問題。Rystad表示，由于未來幾年氫氣管道在中短程運輸氫氣方面將比容器“好得多”，重點應放在擴大全球綠色氫氣管道基礎設施上。

未來是光明的，Rystad預測，未來12年全球氫氣管道項目預計將增加700%。目前，4300公里的氫氣管道中有90%在歐洲和北美。在全球范圍內，紙面上和開發初期計劃的氫氣管道項目約有91個，到2035年左右將有3.03萬公里氫氣管道投入使用。 

李峻 編譯自 油價網

原文如下：

India Looks To Kickstart Hydrogen Production With $2 Billion Plan

·     India, this week, presented a $2 billion subsidy scheme to push domestic hydrogen fuels.

·     India looks to incentivize producers of clean hydrogen with a 10% cost incentive.

·     The Indian government aims to have 50% of its installed power generation capacity by 2030 from non-hydrocarbon fuels and reach its net-zero goals by 2070.

The future of global hydrogen is looking brighter as India, this week, presented a $2 billion subsidy scheme to push domestic hydrogen fuels, and Rystad Energy foresees a 700% growth of global hydrogen pipelines by 2035. Without an increase in hydrogen transport infrastructure, most projects will still face an uphill battle. The Indian government is implementing a $2 billion scheme to support green hydrogen fuel producers. As part of the plan, parties will receive a 10% incentive on their costs, awarded through a competitive bidding process. The incentives will taper down annually, and the bidding scheme will be open to companies already producing hydrogen and ammonia or having renewable energy plants. The government expects to award around 130 billion rupees for the production of green hydrogen and the rest of the financial incentive will be used to support the manufacturing of electrolyzers. India's overall cost of producing green hydrogen is expected to be around 300 rupees per kilo (U.S.$ 3.70), and they hope to produce 3.6 million tons of green hydrogen in the next three years.

The Indian government aims to have 50% of its installed power generation capacity by 2030 from non-hydrocarbon fuels and reach its net-zero goals by 2070. The bidding scheme is expected to attract interest from a long list of Indian companies. The government also plans to support the manufacturing of electrolyzers with an incentive fixed at 4,440 rupees (U.S. $54) per kilowatt, and they hope to support around 3000MW of annual electrolyzer capacity for five years.

A report by CapGemini Research Institute shows that 62% of global heavy industry companies are looking at low-carbon hydrogen to replace carbon-intensive systems. Energy and Utilities (E&U) companies expect low-carbon hydrogen to meet 18% of total energy consumption by 2050. The report highlights the need to unlock investment across the hydrogen value chain, notably to develop hydrogen infrastructure, cost-effective electrolyzers, and fuel cells. The report indicates that low-carbon hydrogen could meet up to 55% of hydrogen mix totals by 2050. On average, 0.4% of total annual revenue is earmarked for low-carbon hydrogen by E&U organizations by 2030, in particular, for hydrogen energy transport and distribution, production, and R&D. Organizations must establish the right collaboration throughout the value chain, secure their offtake, develop hydrogen-competence centers, and harness technologies like simulations, digital twins, and traceability solutions to scale their low-carbon hydrogen initiatives successfully.

On the demand side of things, the lion's share of demand is expected from traditional hydrogen users such as the petroleum refining industry, chemicals, and fertilizers: 94% of petroleum refining organizations anticipate a significant impact on their industry by 2030; similarly, 83% of chemicals and fertilizer companies expect a comparable effect. The participants in the Capgemini survey indicated that they expect that new applications like heavy-duty transportation, aviation, and maritime will increase demand for hydrogen. All participants, however, still see major constraints for hydrogen applications in the abovementioned sectors, especially in production, engineering, and infrastructure. These indicators are also being addressed in a new report by Norwegian consultancy Rystad Energy, although the consultancy is more optimistic about these bottlenecks. Rystad stated that due to the fact that hydrogen pipelines will be “far better” than vessels at moving hydrogen over short- and medium-range distances in the years ahead, the emphasis should be put on expanding global green hydrogen pipeline infrastructure. 

The future looks bright, as Rystad foresees that global hydrogen pipeline projects are expected to increase by 700% over the next 12 years. At present, 90% of the 4300 km of pipelines are in Europe and North America. Worldwide, there are about 91 planned pipeline projects on paper and in the early phases of development, with 30,300 km set to go online by around 2035.